Record controlled multiplying machine



ug- 1952 k l. GHERTMAN H 2,605,964

RECORD'CONTROLLED'MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed June 19, 1948 16Sheets-Sheet I IQ l .INVENTORS g: ATTORNEY 16 Sheets-Sheet 2 ,INVENT?RS[omo Gher man fd/nond/ebure BY If ATTORNEY a l GHERTMAN ETAL RECORDCONTROLLED MULTIPLYING MACHINE Aug. 5, 1952 Filed June 19; 1948 xmw vdiv Q S l GHERTMAN ETAL RECORD CONTROLLED MULTIPLYING MACHINE amp.

Aug. 5, 1952 Filed June 19, 1948 5, 1952 GHERTMAN ET-AL RECORDCONTROLLED MULTIPLYING MACHINE 16 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 19, 1948 NWS famo/ld Febure BY ATTORNEY mww As I. GHERTMAN ETAL.

RECORD CONTROLLED MULTIPLYING MACHINE Aug. 5, 1952 Filed June 19, 194816 Sheets-Sheet \NR Ya g1 WW 3M3.

5% $5 M Q Q u 1% onw n m m Ed 0 w w n 0 271m A 2 Aug. 5, 1952 l.GHERTMAN ET AL RECORD CONTROLLED MULTIPLYING MACHINE Maxi 4 O S a 8 s 1m H w e Tw N 5 8 N8 R 0 & EhF Mo y m m w 2 m mm "my Z l GHERTMAN ET ALRECORD CONTROLLED MULTIPLYING MACHINE Aug. 5, 1952 Flled June 19, 19487' 0 RHBtlfldU/8/' A g- 1 .2 1. GHER'IILMAN ETAL v 5 RECORD CONTROLLEDMULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed June 19, 1948 v 1e Sheets-Sheei 11 INVENT RSfomo Gber man Y [cf/77000 Febure ATTO RN EY Aug. 5, 1952 l. GHERTMAN ETAL RECORD CONTROLLED MULTIPLYING' MACHINE v Filed June 19, 1948 l6Sheets-Sheet 12 Rmm Y e E am N t R w d 0 NOW W 1m m A Aug. 5, 1952GHERTMAN EI'AL 2,605,964

RECORD CONTROLLED MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed June 19, 1948 16Sheets-Sheet 13 s a .5. o .21 .m m F E r; .91 A a m P k .4 x E E1 Ib- N5 5 .21 H1 F 2; n 6 O ATTORNEY Aug. 5, 1952 l. GHERTMAN ETAL 2,605,964

RECORD CONTROLLED MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Juhe 19, 1948 1aSheets-Sheet 14 If i ij if 'r ven..-

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lggm and f6 ure Patented Aug. 5, 1952 RECORD CONTROLLED MULTIPLYINGMACHINE Ioino Ghertman and Edmond Febvre, Saint- Mande, France,assignors to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N.Y., a

corporation of New York Application June 19, 1948, Serial No. 33,954 InFrance June 30, 1947 3 Claims. 1

This invention relates to calculating machines of the record controlledtype and more particularly to machines in which data are derived from arecord card, computations performed in accordance with a predeterminedsequence of calculations, and the results recorded back on the recordcard. I v

The principal object of the invention is to provide a calculating punchin which calculating and result recording operations are carried outmore expeditiously than heretofore in machines of the same type.

Calculating machines of the type to which the invention is applied areprovided with card feeding and sensing mechanism through whichperforated record cards are fed singly and thereafter directed to apunching mechanism in which result data are punched into the card columnby column or digit by digit. The machine is a socalled cyclic machine inthat it operates on a cyclic basis with feeding and, sensing occurringin early cycles, followed by a succession of cycles during whicharithmetic computations, such as addition, subtraction andmultiplication, are performed. The multiplication is carried out inaccordance with the so-called partial products system in which a.multiplicand is multiplied by the successive digits of a multiplier toobtain left and right hand components of partial products and enter themseparately into so-called left and right hand component accumulators.Such operations require a cycle of operation for each significantmultiplier digit involved and, after all the components have beenobtained, the sum of the right hand components is added to the sum ofthe left hand components to obtain the complete product. An objectof'the invention is to improve the control devices of the machine to theend that computations other than multiplying may be performed and theresults thereof recorded during the performance of multiplyingoperations.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved controlsresponsive to the advent of selected card columns in punching positionfor controlling subsequent computing and recording operations. V

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of cycleprogramming mechanism which is capable of being stepped once for eachmachine cycle and is presetto call into operation desired functions foreach step thereof. Controls are provided to suspend stepping duringmultiplying cyclesand to delay stepping under control of the recordingmechanism, so that the functions called, for one step, are coordinatedand completed before the functions called, for the next step, areinitiated.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of novel setupdevices utilizing sets of relay contacts for setting up a plurality ofmultiplicand factors which are selectable under record control formultiplication by a multiplier factor derived from a record card.

Still another object is to provide improved controls for increasing theefiiciency of the machine by coordinating the operations so that, whileresult data are being punched into one card, a following card is fed andsensed and data derived therefrom are entered into the computingmechanism of the apparatus.

Another object is to provide an improved column shift and cycle controlmechanism for a multiplying machine in which provision is made so thatthis device may serve to initiate functional operations at any selectedstep of a multiplying operation.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the followingdescription and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention andthe best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Figs. 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1 1g, 1h and 12' taken together and arrangedin the order indicated in Fig. 4b constitute a wiring diagram of theelectric circuits of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken through the card handling andreading section of the machine.

Figs. 3 and 3a taken together show a somewhat diagrammatic view of thevarious units of the machine and the driving mechanism therefor.

Figs. 4 and 4a taken together show a somewhat diagrammatic view of thepunching section of the machine.

Figs. 4b is a diagram showing the order in which the figures of thecircuit diagram are to be ar ranged.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of certain parts in the punching section ofthe machine.

Fig. 6 is a view showing one of the electromagnetically controlledmechanically positioned multicontact relays which are used in themachine for multiplier selection and column shift purposes.

Fig. 7 is a timing chart of the various cam controlled contact devices.

' Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic flow chart showing the paths through whichamounts from a record card are routed for a given problem.

Fig. 9 is a sequence chart showing the order in which the separateoperations involved in a problem occur during a succession of cycles ofoperation of the machine.

In mechanical structure, the machine is similar to the well knowncommercial multiplying punch punch is shown in Figs. 4 and 4a and aportion of the punching mechanism, viz. a portion of the receiving tray,is shown in Fig. 2.

The accumulators, of which five are shown, are as follows. There isprovided the usual RH and LH accumulators designated RI-IA, RHB, LHA andLHB and a total accumulator desig nated TOT. There are two accumulatorswhich are used as multiplier and multiplicand entry receiving deviceswhich are designated MP and MC on Fig. 3. The machine also includes-amultiplying relay unit MPR and column shift and control unit generallydesignated CS (Fig. 3a).

The usual emitters, cam contact devices and impulse distributor, etc.are likewise provided.

The main upper accumulator drive shaft (Figs. 3 and 3a) is driven in thecustomary manner from the driving motor Z which also drives the A. C.,D. C. generator 52. The usual Geneva reset drive is provided for theupper reset shaft 63 for the RHB, LHA, LHB and TOT accumulators. Suchdrive comprises parts 51, 58, 59, 60, BI, and 62.

The reset shaft 03a for the REA accumulator is driven from the crosselement of the Geneva, through an internal gear BIa and pinion 02a. Thelower main drive shaft 56b is also driven from the vertical connectingdrive shaft 54, and reset drive for the lower reset shaft 63b isprovided by parts. 51?), 58b, 59b, 60b, (HI), and 62b.

CARD FEED AND CARD HANDING UNIT DRIVE Referring to Figs. 2 and 3a, thecustomary card feed drive is provided which may be briefly described asfollows. Shaft 56 through gearing 68, 69, "I0, II and I2 drives a gearI3, revolubly mounted on shaft I5. Fixed to gear I3 is the element I6 ofthe one revolution clutch, the complemental part of which comprises apawl 11 carried by an arm I8 fixed to shaft I5. Gear I3 through a gearI3 fixed to gear 80 drives a train of gears 34, which in turn drive thecard feed rolls 82. Also in train with gear I0 is a gear I53 for drivingdrag roll shaft 84 carrying drag rolls 85. The usual card transfer andcontact cylinder 8'! is provided driven in the following manner. Fixedon shaft I is a gear 33 which, through gearing 3%, 88d, drives a gear 89which is fixed to the sleeve 89a revolubly mounted on shaft I5 but fixedto the card transfer and contact roll 31.

The intermittently actuated FC group of cam contact devices are drivenin the following manner. A driving train is provided from gear 83, whichgear is fixed to shaft I5 and which train includes gearing 90, 9| and92, the latter gear being fixed to the cam contact shaft 93. Fixed tothe shaft of gear are spring pressed card feed rolls 94. Other springpressed card feed rolls are driven by the gear lhe card picker is drivenin the customary manner by a box cam 01 fixed on shaft I5 cooperatingwith the follower 98 which rocks a rock shaft I02 carrying a gear sectorI03 which is in engagement with the picker block I04.

Upon engagement of the one revolution card feed clutch, the picker iscalled into action to withdraw a single card from the magazine I05 (Fig.2) and advance the card into the bite'of rolls 82, which rolls in turnforward the card to the card transfer and contact roll 81. A curved cardguide is provided around the transfer and contact cylinder and theadvancing card is carried around by the forward rotation of the cylinderand by the rotation of rolls 94 to traverse the card past the mainsensing brushes designated I63 in Fig. 2. Also in cooperation with thecard is a pivoted card lever III operating card lever contacts I I2.

After sensing, the card is advanced by the rolls 95 and cylinder 81between guiding members H4 and H5, and while between these members it isadvanced by drag rolls 85. The drag rolls 85 deliver the card under theguiding member I I1 and ultimately the card is flipped down into thetray of the punching section of the machine. The location of the tray isindicated at H8 in Fig. 2 and the position of a card in this tray isindicated at R in Fig. 4a.

A card lever Il9 (Fig. 2) is provided adjacent the tray for closing cardlever contacts I20 when a card is in the tray.

MULTICONTACT RELAYS The machine includes a number of electromagnetically controlled and tripped multicontact relays. These are usedin the MPH, and CS sections of the machine. The. mechanical drive forthese relays is provided for in the following manner.

The lower drive shaft 56b drives operating cams 65 (see Figs. 3a and 6).Cooperating with each cam 65 is a follower arm 60 which is adapted torock a ball 61. Loosely mounted on shaft I2I are a number of U-shapedmembers I22 each provided with an arm portion I23 extending under thebail 6! and cooperating with a latch member I24 which is pivotallymounted on the armature member I25 and spring urged in acounterclockwise direction by a spring I26. The armature is normallyrocked clockwise by a spring I2'I. Each member I22 has an armatureknockoff arm I28 adapted to cooperate with a knockoff extension I29 ofthe armature. Also fixed to each member I22 is an insulated contactoperating part I30 which is normally drawn to the left by a spring I3I.The contacts I33 are provided, one side of each of which is fixed to themember I30. Upon the full movement of I30 to the left, the contacts I33will close.

In the operation of this multicontact relay, the bail 61 is firstdisplaced to the position shown and arm I23 is slightly depressed torelieve the strain from the latch point where I 23 cooperates with I24.A relay magnet X or OS may then be energized, swinging the armature I25to the right causing the latch I24 to clear I23 and snap down underspring action by spring I26 to a position at the end of member I23.Thereafter, upon further motion of the cam 65 in the direction indicatedby the arrow, the bail 61 is elevated allowing a counterclockwise motionof memberv I22 and permitting the contacts to close under spring action,-Subsequently, further movement of the cam 65 causes the ball 61 to beagain depressed to reopen the contacts and to thrust I28 to the right toa supplemental extent to knock off any previously attracted armature. Atthis time there is a relatching of the latch I24 with member I23. If agiven armature is not attracted by the energization of the relay coil,latch I24 will not be tripped and such latch will prevent thecounterclockwise motion of members I22 and the closing of the contactsupon the elevation of bail 61.

PUNCHING MECHANISM The punching mechanism is of the usual successivelyacting repetition punching type generally used in machines of thisclass. It is generally of the form shown in Lee et al. United StatesPatent 1,772,186 and in British Patent 362,529, corresponding to theUnited States patent of Lee et al. 1,976,618.

Briefly, the cards are read on by one in the card handling and sensingsection of the machine and fed into the punch, and then traversedthrough the punch to the discharge magazine of the punch. Afterthereceipt of the card in the receiving tray H8 in the punch at the Rposition and with the punch driving motor Z2 (Fig. 4a) in operation, arack MI is displaced to the left to push the card from the R. positionto th RI position. Movement of the rack I4I to the left is effected bythe one revolution punch clutch generally designated I42, which clutchis engaged by the energization of punch clutch magnet I43. Thetraverse'of I4I to the left causes shaft I44 to rotate clockwise bymeans of the ratchet driving device generally designated I45. Theclockwise rotational movement of I44 displaces rack I46 to the right toa position in which pusher fingers I4I (Fig. 4) can engage back of thetrailing edge of the card at the RI position. Thereafter, rack I46 movesto the left under spring power from a spring in barrel I48 and anotherspring drive at I49 (Fig. 4a) restores a rack I4I to its right handposition.

After the card has been passed through the punch, it ultimately reachesa position in which the eject mechanism I50 receives the card. Followingthis there is a trip of the eject mechanism by energization of ejectmagnet I5I and the eject mechanism swings to the position shown in Fig.4 to deliver the card into a discharge magazine or box as indicated bythe dotted line position of the card in Fig. 4. The box is designatedI52. The movement of rack I46 to the left is under the influence of theusual escapement I53, and each time the card escapes a column theescapement contacts I54 are opened.

The punching section of the machine is provided with contacts which mayb briefly described. ContactsPI (Fig. 4a) are contacts which are closedwhen rack MI is in extreme right hand position and in proper position toreceive a new card from the card handling and sensing section of themachine. Contacts P2 are contacts which are normally in the positionshown and which shift when rack MI is in its extreme left hand position.Contacts P3 (Fig. 4) are eject contacts which open when the ejectassemblage I50 is moved to card receiving position. With the ejectmechanism in the position as shown, such contacts are closed. ContactsP5 ar contacts which are normally open contacts and which close upon themovement of the rack I46 and of the card to beyond the last columnposition.

Contacts I55 (Fig. 5) are also provided, which are arranged to be closedupon energization of the punch clutch magnet I43. Such contacts arelatched closed by a latch I56 and the latch is released and the contactsare allowed to open by a knockoff associated with the one revolutionclutch assembly I42.

EMITTERS AND CAM CONTACTS The main drive shaft 56 (see Fig. 3) isadapted to drive the cams of certain CC cam contact devices. Also drivenfrom the shaft 56 are two emitters El and E2 which are of conventionalconstruction.

. Problem A representative problem will now be generally explained,after which the circuits involved in handling the problem will be setforth in particular detail.

Referring to Fig. 8, record card It has values punched therein which arerepresented as b, c, d and 6. These amounts will be sensed and themachine will operate to multiply the b value by a selected one ofseveral amounts preset in the machine, which may be called the a amount,The selection Will be effected by a perforation in the X position ofcolumn 28 of the card for one value of a and by an X perforation incolumn 30 for another value. The values 0 and d will be added togetherto obtain a sum n which will be punched back into the card in the fieldindicated. A value p is obtained by subtracting the value c from the sumit, to which e value a further value I may first be added from asettable source under control of an X perforation in column 26. The pvalue is punched in the field so designated. The product of a times bresulting in the value m is punched as shown, and finally the sum of mplus p is obtained, which is designated M and punched in the last fieldof the card. These operations may be summed up as follows:

In Fig. 9 the general sequence of operations is represented through asuccession of what are termed machine cycles, during the first of whichthe card is read and, as noted, multiplication occurs during a number ofsuccessive cycles beginning with cycle 2. Prior to the multiplication,cross adding operations take place to obtain the value n (c+d), and thisvalue is punched while multiplication of values a and 1) takes place.Also, ,f is added to e and, while multiplying proceeds, the value e plus1 is subtracted from n and the result p is punched. There is thus anoverlap in cross adding and punching operations and multiplication,after which the results m and M are obtained and punched back into thecard. While the punching of M takes place, the second card is read andcross adding operations commence with values derived from such secondcard, so that there is at this point a further overlapping ofoperations, all of which are instrumental in increasing the overallspeed of operation of the apparatus.

Before initiating the operations, a number of plug connections are madeto set up the program or sequence in which the various operations are tobe performed. These connections are indicated on the circuit diagram andwill be pointed out in the order in which they. are effective asthedescriptionof the problem proceeds.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM' The initial starting position of the machine is withthe parts in the'relative positions as shown in Fig. 4, wherein the cardejecting gripper I5!) is in its operated position and the so-calledejection contacts P3 are closed. In Fig. lit the closure of thesecontacts completes a circuit from the right side of line 2930, throughejection contacts P3, cam contacts CCIQ and pickup winding of the relayR! which will causeclosure of contacts RM to provide a holding circuitwhich will maintain the relay energized until contacts P3 open. Therelay is connectedto the left hand side of line 2n! which extends down(Fig. 11') and terminates at generator designated DC which serves toprovide current to lines 200 and 28 Record cards perforated with thevalues b, c, d and e and X perforations in column 26 and in either ofthe columns 28 or 30 are placed'in the feed hopper of the machine andthe start key ST is depressed (Fig. 171). This will bring aboutenergization of relay R3 through a circuit traceable from line 290,contacts FC3, contacts R'lc, start key contactsS'I, lower contacts Rlb,contacts R511, relay R3 to line 2!! resulting in closure of contacts R30to provide a holding circuit through the contacts FCZ.

It may be pointed out that relay R3 as well as relay R! is of the typewherein a double winding is provided either of which, when energized,will cause closure of related contacts. In this type of relay, one ofthe windings usually serves as a pickup winding and is designated with aP and the other as a holding winding designated with an H. Relay R3closes a pair of contacts RM to complete a circuit from line 208',contacts P! (see Fig. 4a), contacts R311, F05, the card feed clutchmagnet 222, relay contacts RG12 to line 2!) Energization of magnet 222will, as usual, bring about feeding of a record card from the bottom ofthe hopper (see Fig. 2) and advance it to a position where its leadingedge is just at the sensing brushes !09. During this cycle the FC camcontacts will operate to make one revolution corresponding to twomachine cycles during the second of which the so-called X card levercontacts I I2 are closed by the card and a circuit is completedtherethrough (Fig. lit) to energize relay R5.

In Fig. '7 it is seen that the contacts FC! open shortly after thebeginning of this card feed op-- eration and reclose shortly before thecompletion thereof. Upon such closure, a circuit is completed from line250, through contacts C6, FCI, REa now closed, Rlb, R5lb, Rlflb, R90 nowclosed, to relay R3 and line 20!. Relay R3 becomes deenergized whencontacts F02 open. The relay R9 has previously been energized throughthe Last Column contacts P5 which energize relay R8 through contactsCCl, holding through contacts R20, and a parallel circuit is completedthrough relay R9 through the normally closed contacts Refit). Thisresults in closure of contacts R911 to provide a holding circuit forrelay R9 extending through contacts FM and paralleling the holdingcircuit extending from line Efil, upper pickup Winding of relay R9,contacts R521), R80 (shifted) and contact P5 to line 206. Relays R8 andR9 will accordingly remain energized until contacts. P5 open, which willoccur when the punch carriagerack M6 (Fig. 4) is shifted to the right.

The resulting reenergization of relay R3 (which was deenergized whencontacts FCZ opened during the first feeding operation) will bring abouta second energization of feed clutch magnet 222 and a second feedingcycle takes place, during which the first card will now be advanced topass the brushes It!) (Fig. 2), and at the same time a second card willbe fed from the hopper. The advance of the first card will be into thesocalled tray of the punching machine into position designated R! inFig. 4a from which it will be advanced toward the left into punchingposition. In this feed cycle contacts FCB (Fig. 1h) close to energizerelay R4 through card lever contacts !!2 and a holding circuit is set upthrough contacts RM and FC3 which together with contacts !2 keep relayR4 energized as long as cards follow in succession.

READING CYCLE During this cycle, which is designated as machine cycle Iin Fig. 9, the amounts b, c, d and e are read from the card and enteredinto receiving devices as diagrammatically represented in Fig. 8.Briefly, the amount I) is entered into the multiplier device MP, the 0amount is entered into the left hand side of the total accummulator TOT,the amount it is entered into the right hand portion of the accumulatorand the amount e is entered into the accumulator designated RHA. Theseveral entering circuits are traceable as follows. In Fig. 1a, currentis supplied from generator designated AC to plus line generallydesignated 202 from which it passes through impulse emitting contactsdesignated CCZ! to (3024, thence to contacts R50 now closed, contactsFC! to the common contact roll 81 (Fig. 1b), thence through perforationsin the card to the sensing brushes H39 from which it branches asfollows.

For the b amount, the circuits extend from plug sockets 250, through arepresentative plug connection 56! to socket 252 and to the enteringmagnet designated MP! of a multiplier receiving device and thence toground. This circuit extends through the usual reversing contacts 502which remain in the position shown throughout the operation.

For the amount e, the circuit extends from related plug sockets 250,through a representative plug connection designated 503 (Fig. id) toplug socket 258, thence through relay contacts Rlfia (now shifted) toaccumulator magnet designated RHA! and thence to ground. The relay RTE(Fig. 1h) is wired in parallel with relay R3, so that it is in energizedcondition at this time.

For the amount 0, the circuit extends from related plug sockets 250,through a representative plug connection designated 5534 (Fig. 1e) toplug socket 284, thence through relay contacts R160 (now shifted), toaccumulator magnet designated TOT! and thence to ground.

For the amount d, the circuit extends from related plug sockets 258,through a representative plug connection designated 505 (Fig. 1e) toplug socket 264, thence through relay contacts R (now shifted) toaccumulator magnet designated TOT! and thence to ground. The amount (1is thus entered into the right hand section of the total accumulator andthe amount 0 into the left hand section, While amount e is entered intothe REA accumulator and the amount I) in the MP receiving device, asdiagrammatically represented in Fig. 8.

